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(No Model.) 6 SheetsSheet 1. G. R. LEAN. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 598,942. Patented Feb. 15,1898.

m: NORRIS PETERS co. PunToUrHa. WASHINGTON. n, c.

6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Feb. 15, 1898.

G. R. LEAN.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

a W V1 3 (No Model.)

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e Sheet-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

G. R. LEAN.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 598,942. Patented Feb. 15, 1898.

THE NURRIS PETERS co. FHOTO-LITHQ. wxsnmc'rom n c (No Model.) 6Sheets-Sheet 4.

G. B. LEAN.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 598,942. Patented Feb. 15,1898.

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G.R.LEAN. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP No. 598,942. Patented Feb. 15, 1898.

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1M: Nomus FUERS ca. PHOTQ-LITNO., WASHINGTON, n. c

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6. G. R. LEAN.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 598,942. Patented Feb. 15,1898.

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'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFic-E.

GEORGE R. LEAN, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO; J OTHAM POTTER, ADMINISTRATOR OFSAID LEAN, DECEASED, ASSIGNOR TO THE JANDUS ELECTRIC COM- PANY, OF SAMEPLACE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 598,942, dated February15, 1898. Application filed February 20, 1897. Serial N0. 624,332. (Nomodel.)

To all whom, it hwy concern.- ner that any tendency of the magnetic reacBe it known that I, GEORGE E. LEAN, a tion on account of the employmentof alterresident of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyanating currents willbe obviated. hoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain A furtherobject is to provide a simple, delinew and useful Improvements inElectric-Arc cately-operating, and effective retarding de- 5 5 Lamps;and I do hereby declare the following vice for the regulating orcontrolling mechto be a full, clear, and exact description of the anismof an eleetric-are lamp. invention, such as will enable others skilled Afurther object is to provide a retarding in the art to which itappertains to make and device which will operate sluggishly in one IOuse the same. y direction and entirely free to move quickly 60 Myinvention relates to an improvement in in the reverse direction.electric-arc lamps, and more particularly to A further object is toprovide the controlsuch as are intended for use with alternating lingmechanism of an electric-arc lamp with electric currents. a device whichshall be so constructed that I 5 I11 the operation of arc-lamps withalterit will control the gradual formation of the 65 nating currentsmuch annoyance has been are when moved in one direction, and whichexperienced on account of the elattering noise shall be adapted to bemoved unobstructed in the regulating mechanism, due to the rapid in theopposite direction, whereby to insure rupturing of the arc while thelamp is being the prompt relighting of the lamp should the started, andeven greater annoyance is occaare become extinguished. 7o sioned duringthe burning of the lamp by the A further object is to provide a simpleand humming and buzzing sounds which resulteflicientregulatorforalternating-cun'ent arefrom the rapid vibration ofthe parts. lamps.

The object of my invention is to obviate the A further object is toprovide a simple brake defects heretofore met with in'arc-lamps emdevicefor use in the regulator of an electric- 75 ploying alternating currentsand to so 0011- are lamp.

struct the lamp that in its operation noise re- A further object is toprovide the uppersulting from vibration shall be reduced to a carbonholder or cross-head of a focusingniinimum. lamp with means whereby toinsure the free 0 A further object is to provide simple and movement ofthe same without noise from vi- 8o eificient means whereby to effect theprompt bration. and accurate starting of the lamp. A further object isto provide a simple and A further object is to provide simpleapinexpensive globe-holder for an arc-lamp, one pliances whereby toinsure the gradual sepawhich will permit the ready removal of the 3 5ration of the carbons of an alternating-curglobe and which shalleffectually perform all 85 rent arc-lamp without liability of rupturingits functions. the arc. WVith these objects in view the invention Afurther object is to provide arc-starting consists in the combination,in an electric-arc devices which will operate effectually to draw lamp,of a feeding-coil and a starting-coil in- 40 a long are for analternating-current arc-ineluded in series with the feeding-coil. 9oclosed electric lamp without liability of rup- My invention furtherconsists in the comturing the are before the normal or permanentbination, in an alternating-current arc-lamp, are shall have beenformed. of a starting-coil, a feeding-coil included in A further objectis to so construct electroseries with the starting-coil, an armature formagnetic devices for forming and regulating each coil, devicesconnecting said armatures, 5 the are of an alternating-current arc-lampand connections between one of said armathat they will be actuatedpromptly and positures and the carbons of the lamp. tively the instantthe current enters the lamp. My invention further consists in the com- Afurther object is to construct the arc bination, in an electric-arclamp, of a startstarting and regulating devices in such man ing-coil, afeeding-coil, armatures for said coils, and devices connected with saidarmatures in such manner as to normally dispose the armature of thestarting-coil within the dense portion of the magnetic field of saidcoil and the armature of the feeding-coil to one side of the denseportion of the magnetic field of its coils.

My invention further consists in the combination, in anelectric-arclamp, of two solenoids connected together in series, thecore or armature of one solenoid being normally disposed in the denseportion of the magnetic field of said solenoid and the core or armatureof the other solenoid being normally disposed to one side of the denseportion of the magnetic field thereof, a rocking bar or lever,connections between the respective ends of said rocking bar or lever andsaid cores or armatures, and connections between one of said cores orarmatures and the carbons of the lamp.

My invention further consists in the combination, in an electric-arclamp, of a startingcoil, a feeding-coil, armatures for said coils,connections between said armatures, and a retarder common to botharmatures.

My invention further consists in the combination, in an electric-arclamp, of a starting-coil, a feeding-coil, an armature for each coil,connections between said armatures, and a device common to botharmatures constructed and adapted to retard the movement of saidarmatures in one direction and permit their free movement in the otherdirection.

My invention further consists in the combination, in an electric-arclamp, of a startingcoil, a feeding-coil, armatures for said coils,connections between said armatures, an airpot, and a valved plunger insaid air-pot and common to both armatures.

My invention further consists in the combination, in an electric-arclamp, of a startingcoil, a feeding-coil, armatures for said coils,connections between said armatures, carbons, a brake device forcontrolling the movements of said carbons, and connections between saidbrake device and one of said armatures.

My invention further consists in the combination, in an electric-arclamp, of a controlling and regulating mechanism comprising a combinedchain wheel or pulley and brakewheel, a brake-shoe connected with theelectromagnetic devices of the controlling and regulating mechanism, theelectrodes, and a flexible device passing over said chain wheel orpulley and connected with said electrodes.

My invention further consists in the combination, with the dependingportion of the frame of an arc-lamp and a bar pivoted thereto anddepending therefrom, of a globe-holder normally supported by saidpivoted arm.

My invention further consists in the combination, with the dependingportion of the frame of an electric-arc lamp, a bar pivotally connectedthereto and depending therefrom and pins projecting laterally from saidbar,

of a globe-holder having inclined slots to permit the passage of saidpins, the globe-holder being constructed to be normally supported onsaid pins.

My invention also consists in a retarding device for the controlling andregulating mechanism of an electric-arc lamp, said retarding devicecomprising a cylinder and a piston, said piston being composed of a bodyportion having peripheral flanges at its ends, one of said flangeshaving perforations and a ring disposed between said flanges and neatlyfitting the cylinder, said ring being of such length as to permit aslight independent movement of the body portion of the piston, wherebyto cause said perforations to be opened or closed and thus control thepassage of air through the piston and effect a slow movement of saidpiston in one direction and a quick movement in the other direction.

My invention further consists in certain other novel features ofconstruction and combinations and arrangements of parts, as hereinafterset forth, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is an elevation of a lampembodying myinvention, the casing and outer globe being shown insection. Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail View showing the electromagneticdevices of the regulator. Figs. 3 and 4 are enlarged detail views of thebrake device and chain wheel or pulley. Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 are detailviews of the air-pot retarding devices. Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 aredetail views of the globe-holder. Figs. 13 to 21 are views of variousother details. Fig. 22 is a diagrammatical view. Figs. 23 and 24: aredetail sectional views illustrating the arc-inclosing globe and adjacentparts.

A represents the lamp-casing, which is in effect divided into twocompartments A A by means of a horizontal plate A the upper compartmentbeing intended for the reception of the regulating mechanism. The plateA constitutes a part of the frame of thelamp, the upper portion A ofsaid frame being constructed to receive and support parts of theregulating mechanism and terminates at its upper end in a shank A whichprojects above the lamp-casing and is provided at its upper extremitywith a ring A or similar device by which the lamp can be suspended froma suitable hanger or support. The lower portion of the lamp-framecomprises two depending arms A connected at their upper ends by a curvedplate A secured to the horizontal plate A The arms A extend through thelower compartment A of the casing and, projecting some distance belowthe same, enter the upper portion of the outer globe B. The dependingarms A are provided at their lower ends with laterally-projectingshoulders 1 1, having perforated bosses 2 at their free ends for thereception of depending tubular rods 8, the lower ends of which areconnected together by means of a yoke 4, having a hollow enlargement5intermediate of its ends. The

enlargement is provided on its bottom with perforated lugs 6, havingbeveled lower ends 7, and between these lugs a depending bar 8 ispivotally supported. The bar 8 is provided at its lower end with a head9, against which one end of a coiled spring 9 on the bar bears, theother end of said spring bearing against the inclined or beveled ends 7of the lugs 6 and thus tends to move the bar 8 laterally. ThebarSisintended to pass through an opening 10 in a globe-holder 11, andthe head 9 on said bar is provided with laterallyprojecting pins 12 tomove in inclined slots or grooves 13, made in the wall of the opening10. From this construction it will be seen that when the globe holder isbeing moved up into position the pins 12 will pass through the slots orgrooves 13 and that when said holder shall have been moved to its normalposition the spring 9, acting against the inclined ends of the lugs 6,will cause the bar 8 to swing laterally, so as to assume a verticalposition, thereby projecting the pins 12 under shoulders 14 on theglobe-holder, so that said holder will be supported in its normalposition on these pins. The globe-holder is inclosed and protected by asheet-metal cap 15, secured to a ring 16, and the latter is attached to(and preferably insulated from) the body of the holder by means ofscrews 17. The ring 16 is provided with ears or enlargements 18 for theaccommodation of thumb-screws 19, adapted to engage the lower lip of theouter globe and hold the same firmly to its seat on an insulating-washer20 on the body of the globe-holder. The sheet-metal cap 15 may beprovided with a pocket 21 for the reception of a button 22, by means ofwhich the bar 8 can be moved so as to disengage the pins 12 fromengagement with the bottom of the holder and permit the globe and itsholder to be lowered. The body of the globe-holder is made withscrew-threaded sockets for the reception of the screw-threaded lowerends of two rods 23 24. The wall of one of the sockets is made with ascrewthreaded hole 24 for the reception of a screw 24", the end of whichlatter enters a recess 24 in the rod 24, whereby to normally preventsaid rod from turning. When the globe is first applied to the lamp, thescrew 24 will be removed, and the rod 24 will be turned so as toapproach the rod 23, Fig. 10, when both rods can be passed through thesmall end of the globe. The rod 24 will then be turned to its normalposition and secured byscrew, the cap 15 being perforated, as at 24, topermit the insertion of a screw-driver. I am thus enabled to use aglobe-holder comprising a small number of parts to be handled inmanipulating the globe. From their connection with the holder the rods23 24 project laterally and then upwardly through the tubular rods 3,terminating some distance above the same. The rods 23 24 are notchednear their upper ends to form teeth 25, which when the globe and itsholder are lowered will engage rings 26, pivotally attached at the lowerends of the tubular rods 3, and thus the globe and holder will besustained when lowered. The lower ends of the depending arms A areprovided with a ring 27, made in two sections hinged together andadapted to support an arc-inclosing globe O, the upper lip of said globehaving a bearing on said ring. The arc-inclosing globe is provided witha cover 28 of any preferred form of construction and has a hole for. thepassage of the upper carbon.

The lamp herein shown and described being of the focusing type, in-whichthe lower as well as the upper carbon is fed, the arc-inclosing globe ismade with a hole 29 for the passage of the lower carbon D. A bushing 30is preferably provided for the lower carbon, said bushing being mountedloosely within the bottom of the globe and adapted to have sufficientplay or lateral movement therein to compensate for irregularities in thecarbon.

The lower carbon is carried by a holder 31, disposed at the free end ofan arm 32, adapted to have a vertical movement on one of the tubularrods 3. A rod is secured to the arm 32 and extends upwardly and looselythrough a boss 34 on one of the arms A A chain 35 or other flexibledevice is attached at one end to the upper end of the rod 33 and passesover a chain wheel or pulley 3G, mounted in the upper compartment of thecasing, the other end of said chain or flexible device being attached toa knob or projection 37 on a cross-head 38, which latter carries theupper carbon of the lamp. The wheel 36 may comprise three disks orplatesviz., a central plate 6, constituting a chain-wheel, and platesff, at the respective sides of the plate 6, and of greater diameter thanthe latter, so as to form, in effect, peripheral flanges projectingbeyond the plate or wheel 6, for a purpose hereinafter mentioned. Theopenings in the plates 6 ff for the passage of the journal or pintle gare considerably larger than the diameter of said journal or pintle forthe accommodation of antifriction-rollers h,which will be prevented fromescape by means of plates 1', secured to the outer faces of plates f f.The cross-head 38 comprises an annular body portion a, closed at its topby a screwthreaded plate a, to which the knob 37 is secured, andinsulated therefrom. A sleeve a having an annular flange a at one end,is disposed within the annular body portion a, but not in contacttherewith, the flange a by which the sleeve is supported, beinginsulated from the body portion a and plate a by means ofinsulating-washers a. The end of the upper carbon E is insulated withinand held between two jaws a a, the jaw a normally resting against theinner wall of the sleeve (L2. The annular body portion of the cross-headis made with a hole a through which a thumb-screw a (considerablysmaller than said hole) passes. The screw a also passes through ascrewthreaded hole in the sleeve a and at its inner end said screw isswiveled to the jaw a. By means of this screw the upper carbon can befirmly clamped between the jaws a and a. The body of the cross-head isprovided with a hole a at a point diametrically opposite the hole athrough which abinding-post a passes, said binding-post also passingfreely through the sleeve a and entering a screw-threaded hole in thejaw (i whereby to conduct-current to the upper or positive carbon E. Thecrosshead 38 forms part of the negative side of the lamp, as hereinaftermore fully explained, and the binding-post a must, therefore, beinsulated therefrom. For this purpose an insulating sleeve or plug (L12,encircling said binding-post, is inserted into the hole a".

The cross-head 33 is disposed between the arms a or, more properlyspeaking, between rods or guides 39, adjustably attached to said arms bymeans of screws 40 and 40, the screws 40 being passed throughscrewthreaded holes in the arms A and having heads 40 to bear againstsaid arms, and the screws 40 are made with plain body portions to passthrough holes in the screws 40, and each has one end screw-threaded toenter threaded sockets in the guide-rods 39, the heads 40 of screws 40being adapted to bear against the heads 40 of the screws 40. Thecross-head 38 is made in its outer wall at points at right angles to theholes a a with vertical grooves 41 for the reception of the guiderods39. Between the ends of the grooves 41 sockets are made for thereception of blocks 42 of antifriction material, such as graphite, theouter faces of which are recessed for the reception of the guide-rods.By the use of the graphite or antifriction bearing-blocks 42 thecross-head 38 can be fitted closely between the guide-rods withoutinterfering with the free movements of said cross-head, and thus thevibration of said cross-head and guide-rods will be avoided and assistin reducing the humming noise of the lamp.

The chain wheel or pulley 36 above alluded to is made with flanges 43,whereby to constitute it also a brake-wheel, on the journal 44 of whichthe bifurcated end of a lever 45 is mounted. Each arm of the bifurcatedlever is provided at the pivoted end thereof with lugs or short arms 46.To the free ends of the lugs 46 the upper curved ends of links 47 arepivotally connected, said links being of sufficient length to projectsomewhat beyond the periphery of the combined chain and brake wheel 36.A brake-shoe 48 is pivotally mounted between the links 47 in proximityto the free ends of the latter and is adapted to engage the flanges 43of wheel 36. The free extremities of the links 47 are adapted to engage(when the lamp is at rest or during the feeding of the carbon) a stop49, adj ustably attached to the lamp-frame. From this construction andarrangement of parts it will be seen that when the lever 45 is raisedfrom the position shown in full lines in Fig.

3 the lugs 46, moving in the arc of a circle, will cause the links 47 torise and the brakeshoe 48 to bite against the peripheral flanges of thewheel 36. As the upward movement of lever 45 continues the links 47being unable to turn farther on their pivotal supports will be moved inthe arc of a circle by the lever 45, and thus the wheel 36 will beturned and the chain 35 made to travel thereover, resultingin moving thecarbons to separate them and establish the arc. During the feeding ofthe carbons (which will be more fully explained farther on) the lever 45will descend and the links 47 be permit-ted to strike the stop 49, whentheir further movement with the lever will be prevented, and as thelever continues to descend the links will move down slightly and thusrelease the wheel 36.

The outer or free end of the lever 45 is connected with electromagneticdevices of the regulator which will now be described. A coil or solenoid50 is mounted on the plate or floor A and secured thereto by thescrew-threaded lower end of the spool 51. A disk 52, preferably ofasbestos, is disposed between the plate or floor A and the bottom of thecoil to take up any vibrations to which the coil might be subjected. Asthe mechanism of an arc-lamp operating with alternating currents issubjected to violent vibration, the core 53 of the coil or solenoid 50is covered with asbestos 54 or similar soft material to take upvibrations of the core and drown any noise which might be produced bysuch vibrations. Anothercoil or solenoid 55, smaller (having lessconvolution of wire) than the coil 50, is secured to the lamp-frame,preferably above said coil 50 and insulated from said frame, asbestos orsimilar soft material being preferably used for or in part for suchinsulation, so as to take up vibration. The core 56 of coil or solenoid55 is also inclosed in an envelop of asbestos or other soft material totake up vibrations and thus assist in obviating noise which wouldotherwise result from such vibrations. A short link 57 is pivotallyattached to the lower end of the core 56, and to this link the lever 45is pivoted. Another link or bar 58 is pivotally attached to the upperend of the core 56 and projects some distance above the same, the twolinks or bars 57 58 being connected together within the core 56 by meansof a coiled spring 59, the office of which is to maintain said links orbars in close contact with their pivots and thus prevent noise fromvibration.

A depending arm or bracket 60 is secured to the lamp-frame and isprovided at its lower end with a pintle 61, on which an oscillatory baror lever 62 is mounted, a bushing 63 of graphite being disposed betweensaid bar or lever and pintle, whereby to permit free oscillatory orrocking movement of the bar or lever and at the same time prevent thesame from vibrating or rattling during the operation of the lamp. To oneend of the rocking or oscillatory bar or lever the link 58 is pivotallyconnected, and to the other end of said bar or lever one end of a chain64 is attached, the other end of said chain being attached to the upperend of the core 53 of coil or solenoid 50. Experience has shown that ifthe chain 64: be made of magnetic metal the vibration and hummingthereof would be very great, and I propose, therefore, to make saidchain of some non-magnetic material and thus materially reduce thehumming vibrations.

It has been found in practice that when a solenoid is energized by analternating electric current the core will first be drawn to the densepart of the magnetic field, and then, on account of magnetic reaction onthe core due to the alternations of the current, the core will tend toretract or rebound and move out of the dense portion of the field. Inother words, the core of the solenoid is liable to vibrate more or lessviolently before it will be retained permanently in the dense portion ofthe magnet-field of the coil. For this reason the use of a singlesolenoid in an electricarc lamp with which an alternating electriccurrent is employed will result in the defective starting of the lamp,especially with a lamp of the arc-inclosed type in which a long are isdrawn and maintained. Such vibrations of the core of the solenoid willnot only delay the establishment of the normal arc, but will causeviolent vibrations of the component parts of the regulator, withconsequent wear and noise. To avoid these most annoyin gand disastrousdefects encountered in electric-arc lamps, I employ a second solenoid 55to efiect the starting of the lamp, the solenoid being employed toregulate the feed of the carbons. The solenoids 50 and are connected inseries with each other, but the latter contains fewer convolutions ofwire than the former and is consequently capable of ex erting a weakerpull on its core.

The strongest part of each solenoid energized by an alternating currentwill be about two-thirds way through the coil, and the cores arenormally disposed relatively to these points. lVhen the lamp is idle,the core 53 of coil 50 will be disposed in a weak portion of the coiljust above or to one side of the strongest magnetic point in the coil,while the core 56 of coil 55 will be normally disposed in the strongestmagnetic point of its coil. It is apparent, therefore, that when currentfirst enters the lamp the core 56, being already in the strongest partof the magnetic field of the coil 55, will be promptly and positivelyactuated and, moving up into a weaker part of the coil, will turn therocking bar or lever 62 on its fulcrum, so as to permit the core 53 topromptly enter the strongest part of coil 50, where it will remain. Thecombined action of the two solenoids will result in a long pull on thelever 45 and the consequent wide separation of the carbons. When thecarbons shall have been separated and the are established, the core 56will be in a weak part of its coil and the core 53 will be in the strongpart of the solenoid 50, and as the solenoid 50 is the more powerful ofthe two and overbalances the startingsolenoid the feeding of the carbonswill be controlled by said solenoid 50.

It is a matter of importance that the are be drawn gradually in order toavoid possibility of rupture before the normal arc shall have beenestablished, and for this purpose the devices now to be described willbe employed. The lower end of the arm or bracket 60, hereinbeforereferred to, is made with a socket 65 to form a bearing for one of thetrunnions 66 of a rocking tube or trough 67 for the reception of a ballor weight 70, the other trunnion 68 of said tube or trough being mountedin a socket or bearing 69 in the lamp-frame. The trunnions 66 68 projectfrom the tube or trough 67 at points between the center thereof and itsrear end, so that when the lamp is being started the ball or weight 7 0will exert its maximum resistance to the operation of the mechanism. andthus assist in retarding the separation of the carbons. For this purposethe tube or trough is connected with the rocking or oscillatory bar orlever 62 by means of a curved or an gular arm 71, which projects fromthe pivoted central portion of 'said rocking bar or lever 62 and entersan elongated slot 72 in an arm 73, which projects downwardly from thepivoted portion of the tube or trough 67. In order to prevent unduevibration in the connection between the arms 71 73, the slot 72 may belined with graphite 74 or other antifriction material which will serveto make a close fit between these parts without interfering with theirfree movement relatively to each other. Instead of lining the slot 73with graphite the end of the arm 71 which enters said slot may becovered with asbestos, (shown at 75, Fig. 16,) or, if desired, the arm71 may be provided with a sleeve or covering of graphite.

The main retarder for the regulator consists of an air-pot comprisingthe pot or cylinder 76 and a plunger 7 7 of peculiar construction, therod 78, attached to said plunger, being connected with the arm 73. Theplunger 77 is so designed that it will offer considerable resistancewhen moved in one direction and so that it will offer no resistance whenmoved in the other direction. In constructing the plunger 77 I employ acup-shaped body portion 6, having an outwardly-projecting peripheralflange Z7 at its open end, and said flange is made with a number ofperforations b. A plate I) is secured to the closed end of thecup-shaped body portion 6 of the plunger by means of a screw 6 and ismade of such size as to project beyond the outer face of said bodyportion 6, so as to form in effect a pcripheral flange 6 The screw 6 ismade with a bifurcated head for the reception of the plunger-rod 78. Thebody of the plunger is of such size that the peripheral flanges b b IICframe.

will be disposed a short distance from the interior wall of the cylinder76, and between said peripheral flanges asleeveb, of graphite, isdisposed, the length of said sleeve being slightly less than thedistance between the peripheral flanges 13 b so that the body portion ofthe plunger can have a slight movement independently of the sleeve 19for a purpose presently explained. The graphite sleeve has a close butsliding fit within the cylinder 7 6 and is made interiorly with a seriesof longitudinal grooves or ducts 19 The forward end of the graphitesleeve is recessed to form a seat la for the plate b or, more properlyspeaking, for the peripheral flange b of said plate, whereby to closethe longitudinal grooves or ducts b when the plunger is moved in onedirection, and thus retard or offer resistance to the movement of saidplunger in that direction. hen the plunger-rod is moved in the otherdirection, the body of the plunger will first move independently of thegraphite sleeve, so as to move the plate 11* away from its seat anduncover the ends of the grooves or ducts b thus permitting a free accessof air through said grooves or ducts and the perforations b in theperipheral flange b the entrance of air to said grooves or ducts beingaugmented by a series of notches b in the flange b at the forward end ofthe graphite sleeve. Thus it will be seen that while the graphite sleevefits comparatively close within the cylinder 76, still its lubricatingquality will permit it to move without liability of binding and thatwhen the plunger is pulled outwardly the air-ducts will be automaticallyclosed and the resistance offered will be such as to retard the movementof said plunger. WVhen, however, the plunger is pushed in the oppositedirection, the air-ducts will be promptly and automatically opened bythe movement of the body 6 independently of the sleeve 6 and the forwardmovement of the plunger will be perfectly free and unretarded. Theair-pot retarderis therefore very sensitive and prompt in theperformance of its function of retarding the movement of parts connectedtherewith under certain conditions or permitting their free movementunder other conditions.

As the lamp will be employed on a constant-potential circuit aresistance-coil F will be provided, and this resistance can be 0011-veniently inclosed within a housing 7 8,formed by the upper part of thelamp-casing. The resistance-wire is coiled on a series of bars 79,disposed in conical form within the housing 78 and supported by platesor rings 79 and 80, secured to the shank A of the lamp- One end of theresistance-coil is connected with a plate 0, to which a binding-post cis attached. The other end of the resistor ring 79.

gers c of a manual cut-out switch, the switcharm 0 being pivotallyconnected to the negative terminal or binding-post c of the lamp andprovided at its free end with an insulated knob 0 A metal disk 0 isdisposed above the rheostat and serves to prevent heat arising from therheostat from coming in contact with the ceiling of the room when thelamp is hung close to it.

The circuits through the lamp may be traced as follows: Starting withthe positive binding-post 0 the current will flow through a conductor dto and through the feeding-coil 50, then by conductor d to starting-coil55, through said coil 55, and then by conductor (1 to the positivecarbon E, then to and through the lower carbon to the lower-carbonholder, then up through the lower portion of the lamp-frame and aconductor d to the plate A then through said plate, then by conductor dto binding-post c, then through plate 0 to the resistance-coil, thenthrough said resistance-coil to the binding-post 0 then by conductor 0to the switch-post c and then through switch-arm c to the negativeterminal c of the lamp.

The operation of the lamp is as follows: When no current is flowingthrough the lamp, the carbons are normally in contact. switch-arm c benow moved into contact with the contact-fingers of the cut-out, currentwill enter and flow through the lamp and energize both coils 50 and 55.The core 53 of solenoid 50 being normally disposed in a If the weak partof the coil, it will be drawn toward the strongest part and will beprevented from jumping or rebounding on account of the magnetic reactioncaused by the alternating current employed by the action of thestarting-coil 55, as above explained, the core of said latter coil beingnormally disposed in the strongest part thereof, so that when thecurrent first enters the lamp the solenoids will commence to exert along pull on their cores, the result of which will be to turn therocking bar or lever 62 on its fulcrum. During the first part of themovement of the rocking arm or lever the free end of the arm 71 willmove from one end to the other of the elongated slot 72 in arm 73, andthe core of the starting-solenoid will move sufficiently to apply thebrake-shoe to the wheel 36 and turn the latter, so as to begin theseparation of the carbons and form a very small are between them. Thecores of the solenoids and the rocking bar or lever 62 will continue tomove; but their movement and the consequent separation of the carbonswill now be retarded by the action of the plunger 77 in the cylinder,and the separation of the carbons will be further retarded by the effortof the tube or trough 67 to turn and raise the ball or weight 70therein. Thus the carbons will be gradually pulled apart and the longare of an arcinclosed lamp will be drawn gradually and without danger ofrupture. During the formation of the arc the end of the tube or trough67, containing the ball or weight 70, will gradually rise until the areshall have been drawn nearly to its full length, when the ball 7 0 willroll to the opposite end of said tube or trough, causing the same toassume the reverse inclination as shown in Fig. 13 and completing theestablishment of the full arc. The core 53 of the feeding-solenoid 50has now reached its extreme working position in the strongest part ofsaid solenoid, as shown in full lines in Fig. 2, and the core 56 is inits extreme position in a weak part of coil or solenoid 55. The feed ofthe carbons will therefore be mostly under the control of the solenoid50, and the proper feed of the carbons will be accomplished withoutdisturbing the position of the tube or trough 67 (shown by dotted linesin Fig. 13) by the play allowed the arm 71 in the elongated slot 2 inarm 7 \Vhen the lamp is open-circuited by the switch above described andthe light thus extinguished, the cores of the solenoids will be releasedand the tube or trough 67 permitted to turn on its fulcrum, whereuponthe ball 71 will roll down to the outer end of said tube or trough andcause the latter to assume the position shown in full lines in Fig. 13.This action of the tube or trough 67 and the ball or weight 71 willcause the plunger 77 to be forced back to the extreme end of thecylinder 7 6, the plunger being permitted to move quickly and freely tothis position by the au tomatic valve action therein, as above eX-plained. The lamp is now in position to be again started in the samemanner as above explained, when the switch is again closed.

In the construction of my improved lamp it is desirable to pack everypivotal or movable connection with asbestos, graphite, or othermaterial,whereby to prevent noise from vibration.

Various changes might be made in the details of construction of myinvention without departing from the spirit thereof or limiting itsscope, and hence I do not wish to limit myself to the precise detailsherein set forth.

Practical test has demonstrated that my improvements are effectual inall respects in the performance of their functions.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination in an electric-arc lamp constructed to operate withalternating electric currents, of a starting-coil, a feeding-coil, thefeeding-coil included in series with the startingcoil, an armature foreach coil, said armature being normally so disposed relatively to themagnetic fields of the respective coils, that the armature of thestarting-coil will be actuated in advance of the armature of thefeeding-coil, devices connecting said armatures and connections betweenone of said armatures and the carbons of the lamp, substantially as setforth.

2. The combination in an electric-arc lamp,

of a starting-coil, a feeding-coil, armatures for said coils connectedwith each other in such manner as to normally dispose the armature ofthe starting-coil within the dense portion of the magnetic field of itscoil, and the armature of the feeding-coil to one side of the denseportion of the magnetic field of its coil, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination in an electric-arc lamp, of two solenoids connectedtogetherin series, the core or armature of one solenoid being normallydisposed in the dense portion of the field of said solenoid and the coreor armature of the other solenoid being normally disposed to one side ofthe dense portion of the magnetic field thereof, a rocking bar or lever,connections between the respective ends of said rocking bar or lever andsaid cores or armatures and connections between one of said armaturesand the carbons of the lamp, substantially as set forth.

4. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the carbons and clutchmechanism, of a starting-coil, a feeding-coil arranged in series withthe starting-coil and with the carbons, armatures for said coilsmechanically connected together and so disposed relatively to theirrespective coils that one coil will balance the other during the feedingof the lamp, and connections between said armatures and clutchmechanism, substantially as set forth.

5. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the carbons and clutchmechanism, of a starting-coil, a feeding-coil, an armature for each.coil, said armatures being so disposed relatively to their respectivecoils that during the feeding action of the lamp, the armature of thefeeding-coil will occupy a stronger portion of the field of said coilthan the portion of the field of the starting-coil occupied by thearmature of the latter, and connections between said armatures and theclutch mechanism, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination in an electric-arc lamp, of a starting-coil, anarmature therefor, links pivotally attached to the respective ends ofsaid armature, a spring connecting said links, a retarder connected withone link and clutch mechanism connected with the other link,substantially as set forth.

7. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a starting-coil, afeeding-coil, a rocking bar and cores or armatures for said coils, of aflexible connection between the core or armature of the feeding-coil andone end of said rocking bar, a cross-head, a link connecting saidcross-head and the core or armature of the starting-coil, a clutch and aconnection between said clutch and the core or armature of thestarting-coil, substantially as set forth.

8. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a starting-coil, afeeding-coil, a rocking bar and cores or armatures for said coils, of aflexible connection between one end of said rocking bar and the core orarmature of the feeding-magnet, a link connecting the other end of therocking bar and the core or armature of starting-coil, another linkconnected to said last-mentioned core or armature, a spring connectingsaid links, a clutch and a connection between said clutch and one ofsaid links, substantially as set forth.

9. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a starting-coil, afeeding-coil and armatures for said coils, the armature of thestarting-coil being normally disposed in a strong portion of themagnetic field thereof, and the armature of the feeding-coil beingnormally disposed outside of the strongest portion of the magnetic fieldof said feeding-coil, said armatures being constructed and arranged tomove simultaneously in opposite directions, of a clutch device connectedwith one of said armatures and a retarder connected with both of saidarmatures, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination in an electric-arc lamp, of a starting-coil, afeeding-coil, armatures for said coils arranged to be movedsimultaneously in opposite directions, the armature of the starting-coildisposed to be normally in the strong part of the magnetic field thereof, and the armature of the feeding-coil disposed to be normally outsideof the strongest part of the magnetic field of said feedingcoil,connections between said armatures and a retarder between and common toboth of said armatures, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination in an electricarc lamp, of a starting-coil, afeeding-coil, armatures for said coils arranged to be movedsimultaneously in opposite directions, the armature of the starting-coildisposed to be normally in the strong part of the magnetic field thereofand the armature of the feeding-coil disposed to be normally outside ofthe strongest part of the magnetic field of said feeding-coil,connections between said armatures and a device common to botharmatures, constructed and adapted to retard the movement of saidarmatures in one direction and permit their free movement in the otherdirection, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination in an electric-arc lamp,

of a starting-coil, a feeding-coil, armatures for said coils arranged tobe moved simultaneously in opposite directions, the armature of thestarting-coil disposed to be normally in the strong part of the magneticfield thereof and the armature of the feeding-coil disposed to benormally outside of the strong part of the magnetic field of saidfeeding-coil, connections between said armatures, an air-pot and avalved plunger in said air-pot and common to both armatures,substantially as set forth.

13. The combination with the regulator of an electric-arc lamp, of aretarder connected therewith, said retarder comprising a body portionhaving a perforated flange at one end, a sleeve loosely encircling saidbody portion and having air-ducts in its inner face, and a disk securedto said body portion and adapted to close said ducts when the plunger ismoved in one direction, the relation between said sleeve and the diskand flange of the body portion being such as to permit the body portionto have a limited movement independent of the sleeve, whereby to causethe air-ducts to be opened when the plunger is moved in one directionand closed when it is moved in the other direction, substantially as setforth.

14. A retarder for an electric-arc-lam p regulator, consisting of acylinder closed at one end and a plunger therein, said plunger havingair-ducts and comprising a body portion and a graphite sleeve encirclingsaid body portion, said body portion adapted to have a movementindependently of said sleeve, whereby to cause the air-ducts to beautomatically opened or closed when the plunger is moved in onedirection or the other, substantially as set forth.

15. A retarder for an electric-arclam p regulator, consisting of acylinder closed at one end and a plunger therein, said plungercomprising a body portion having peripheral flanges at its ends, one ofsaid flanges having openings therein, a graphite sleeve encircling saidbody portion so as to permit the body portion to have a longitudinalmovement in the sleeve, limited by said peripheral flanges, andair-ducts in said graphite sleeve, substantially as set forth.

16. The combination in an electric-arc lamp constructed to operate withalternating currents, of a starting-coil and a feeding-coil arranged inseries with each other, armatures for said coils, said armatures beingnormally so disposed relatively to the magnetic fields of the respectivecoils, that the armature of the starting-coil will be actuated inadvance of the armature of the feeding-coil, devices connecting saidarmatures, a friction-brake, and a connection between the shoe of saidbrake and one of said armatures, substantially as set forth.

17. The combination in an electric-arc lamp, of a starting-coil, afeeding-coil, armatures for said coils, a rocking bar, connectionsbetween one end of said rocking bar and the armature of thestarting-magnet, connections between the other end of said rocking barand the armature of the feeding-magnet, an arm projecting from saidrocking bar, a retarder, and a movable connection between said retarderand the arm on the rocking bar, substantially as set forth.

18. The combination in an electric-arc lamp, of a magnet, a rocking barto which the armature of said magnet is connected, an arm projectingfrom said rocking bar, a retarder, a pivoted arm with which the plungerof the retarder is connected,said pivoted arm having an elongated slotfor the reception of the free end of the arm on the rocking bar and apacking between said last-mentioned arm and the walls of the slot in thepivoted arm, whereby to prevent noise from vibration between said arms,substantially as set forth.

19. The combination in an electric-arc lamp, of a magnet, a rocking barconnected with the armature of said magnet, a clutch device alsoconnected with the armature of said magnet, a tube or trough pivotallysupported between its ends, a ball or weight in said tube or trough, anda connection between said rocking bar and said tube or trough,substantially as set forth.

20. The combination in an electric-arc lamp, of a magnet, a rocking barconnected with the armature of said magnet, a clutch device alsoconnected with the armature of said magnet, a tube or trough pivotallysupported between its ends, an arm projecting from said tube or trough,a connection between said arm and the rocking bar, a retarder and aconnection between said retarder and the arm on the pivoted tube ortrough, substantially as set forth.

21. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the frame, and amagnet, of a bracket secured to said frame, said bracket having a pintleand a socket at its free end, a tube or trough pivotally supported insaid socket and in the lamp-frame, a rocking bar mounted on said pintle,a graphite bushing interposed between said pintle and rocking bar, aconnection between said rocking bar and the armature of the magnet, anda connection between said rocking bar and the pivoted tube or trough,substantially as set forth.

22. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a frame and movablecarbon-holders, of a wheel, a flexible device connecting saidcarbon-holders and passing over said wheel, a pivotedleverhavinglugsprojectingupwardly therefrom, links having curved upperends pivoted to said lugs and depending below the pivot of the lever, abrake-shoe pivoted between said links and adapted to engage theperiphery of said wheel, a stop to insure the disengagement of the brakefrom said wheel, and electrically-controlled devices connected with saidpivoted lever, substantially as set forth.

23. In an electric-arclamp, the combination with a frame and movablecarbon-holders, of a combined chain wheel or pulley and brakewheelmounted on a pintle projecting from the framework, said wheel comprisingthree disks, the outer disks being of greater diameter than theintermediate disk, whereby to form peripheral flanges, rollers betweensaid disks and the pintle on which the wheel is mounted and platessecured to the outer disks for retaining said rollers in position, aflexible device connecting said carbon-holders and passing over thecentral disk of said wheel, a brake to engage the peripheral flanges ofsaid wheel, and electrically-controlled devices connected with saidbrake, substantially as set forth.

24. In an electric arc lamp, the combination with the frame, armsdepending therefrom and a wheel mounted in the framework above saidarms, of guide-rods disposed alongside said arms, screws passingtransverselyv through said arms and supporting said guide-rods, a

cross-head disposed between said guide-rods and adapted to carry theupper carbon, a lower-carbon holder and a flexible device connected withsaid carbon-holder and cross-head and passing over said wheel,substantially as set forth.

25. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with depending arms havingtransverse screwthreaded holes, hollow screws passing through saidholes, guide-rods disposed parallel with said depending arms, pins orscrews passing freely through said hollow screws and enteringscrew-threaded sockets in said guide-rods, and a vertically-movablecross-head disposed between said guide-rods and adapted to constitute aholder for the upper carbon, substantially as set forth.

26. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with depending arms, of avertically-movable cross-head mounted between said depending arms andconstituting part of the negative side of the lamp, said cross-headcomprising a hollow body portion, and a sleeve located therein andinsulated therefrom, two jaws disposed within said sleeve for thereception of the positive carbon, a binding-post elec trically connectedwith one of said jaws and insulated from the body of the cross-head, anda thumb-screw passing through said sleeve and swiveled to the other jawlocated therein, substantially as set forth.

27. In an arc-inclosed focusing electric-arc lamp, the combination withthe framework, and means for feeding both carbons simultaneously, of adivided plate, an arc-inclosing globe supported by said plate and havingopenings in both ends, a cover closing the upper end of the globe andhaving a hole for the passage of the upper carbon, and a bushing mountedloosely in the bottom of the globe for the accommodation of the lowercarbon, substantially as set forth.

28. In an electric-arc lamp the combination with the lamp-frame andtubular extensions depending therefrom, of a globe-holder, rods securedto said globe holder and passing through said tubular extensions, eachrod having a tooth at or near the upper ends of said rods, and ringsloosely attached below the lower ends of said tubular extensions so asto be engaged by said teeth when the globeholder is lowered, whereby tosupport said globe-holder and the globe attached thereto, when they arelowered, substantially as set forth.

29. In an electric-arc lamp,the combination with the depending portionof the frame, of a depending bar pivoted to the frame to swinglaterally, a spring on said bar to maintain it in a normally verticalposition and a globe-holder detachably supported by said pivoted bar,substantially as set forth.

30. In an electric-arc lamp,the combination with the depending portionof the frame, a bar pivoted to the lower end thereof and pins projectinglaterally from said bar, of a globeholder having inclined slots topermit the passage of said pins, the globe-holder being constructed tobe normally supported on said pins, substantially as set forth.

31. In an electric-are lamp,the combination with the depending portionof the frame, and a bar pivoted to the lower end thereof, of aglobe-holder having an opening for the passage of said bar and havinginclined slots communicating with said opening, pins projecting fromsaid bar to pass through said slots and engage the bottom of the holderand a spring disposed between the free end of said bar and its pivotalsupport, substantially as set forth.

32. In an electric-arc lamp,the combination with the depending portionof the frame, of lugs projecting from the lower end thereof and havinginclined ends, a bar pivoted to said lugs, and having a shoulder at ornear its free end, a globe-holder having an opening for the passage ofsaid bar and having inclined slots or grooves communicating withsaidopening, pins projecting from said bar adapted to pass through saidslots or grooves, and a spring located on said bar, one end of saidspring bearing against the shoulder in the bar and the other end bearingagainst the inclined ends of the lugs whereby to force the pins underthe bottom of the holder when the globe-holder shall have been moved toits normal position, substantially as set forth.

33. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the frame anddepending tubular extensions, of a bar pivoted to the lower end of theframe, a globe-holder having an opening for the passage of said bar andhaving inclined slots communicating with said opening, pins on said barto pass through said slots and become disposed under the globe-holder,rods secured at their lower ends to said globeholder and passing throughsaid tubular extensions of the frame, and means for preventing theescape of said rods from the tubular extensions when the globe and itsholder are lowered, substantially as set forth.

34. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the depending portionof the frame, and inclined lugs at the lower end thereof, of a barpivoted to said lugs, and having a head at its free end, pins projectinglaterally from said head, a globe-holder having an opening for thepassage of said bar and havinginclined slots for the passage of saidpins, a spring on said bar, said spring bearing at one end against thehead on the bar and at the other end against the inclined ends of thelugs on the frame, whereby to cause the pins to be disposed under theglobe-holder, a cap inclosing 36. In an electric-arc lamp, thecombination I with the carbon-holders, a magnet and an armature for saidmagnet, of a clutch device for the carbons, a tilting way connected withthe clutch device, a movable weight supported by said way and aconnection having lost motion or play between said tilting way and saidarmature, substantially as set forth.

37. In an electric-arc lamp the combination with the carbon-holders, asolenoid, and a movable core or armature for said solenoid, of a clutchdevice for the carbons connected with one end of said core or armature,a tiltin g way, a weight movable on said tilting way, and a connectionbetween said tilting way and the other end of the core orarmature ofsaid solenoid, substantially as set forth.

38. In an arc-inclosed focusing arc-lamp, the combination with theframework, and the carbons, of an arc-inclosing globe provided at oneend with a cover having an opening in which one of the carbons snuglyfits and through which it is fed, and a bushing surrounding said carbonand passing through said opening and a flange on said bushing restingloosely on the inner face of the globe, substantially as set forth.

39. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the depending portionof the frame, and a bar pivoted to the lower end thereof, of aglobe-holder normally supported by said pivoted bar, a cap inclosingsaid globe-holder and a button mounted in said cap for disengaging saidpivoted bar from said globeholder, substantially as set forth.

40. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a frame and tubularextensions depending therefrom, of a globe-holder adapted to be detachedfrom the frame for the reception of the globe, crank-shaped rods toslide in said tubular extensions and connected to the globe-holder, theattachment of one of said rods to the globe-holder being movable wherebyit can be made to approach the other rod and thus permit said rods to besimultaneously passed through the openings in the end of the globe, anda locking device for maintaining said movable rod in position to passthrough one of said tubular extensions, substantially as set forth.

41. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a frame, tubularextensions depending therefrom, and a globe having a contracted openingin its lower end, of a holder for said globe, two rods adapted to passthrough said tubular extensions, each rod having a crankshaped lower endconnected to the globeholder, one permanently and the other movably, themovable rod having a recess, and a set-screw in the globe-holder andentering said recess whereby to retain said movable rod in its normalposition relatively to the other rod and the tubular extensions whichsaid movable rod enters, substantially as set forth.

42. In an arc-lamp, the combination with its carbons and means forfeeding them simultaneously and thereby maintaining the are at a fixedpoint, of an arc-inclosed globe provided at each of its ends with acover having an opening through which one of the carbons is fed andwithin which it snugly fits, the parts being constructed to permit ofthe lateral adjustment of the openings through which the carbons arefed, substantially as set forth.

43. In an electric-arclamp, the combination with a frame, a globe havinga contracted opening in its end and tubular extensions GEORGE R. LEAN.

lVitnesses:

J. M. SEE, SHELDON CARY.

